Israel, PT: Heightened security to persist in Israel, Palestinian Territories through late May /update 3

Event

Heightened security will almost certainly persist across Israel and the Palestinian Territories through late May following clashes between Palestinians and Israeli security forces in Jerusalem and persistent rocket fire from Gazan militants. The recent escalation follows an Israeli court decision to evict dozens of Palestinians from their homes in East Jerusalem's Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood for Israeli residents. At least 300 people were injured May 10 amid violent clashes in the vicinity of the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound in East Jerusalem; similar violence May 8-9 wounded more than 250 others. Israeli security forces used tear gas, rubber bullets, stun grenades, and other riot control measures to disperse demonstrators. The unrest, which occurred primarily in Sheikh Jarrah, deteriorated late May 7 when Israeli police in riot gear stormed the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound during evening prayers.

Tensions will likely remain heightened across Israel and the Palestinian Territories through late May. Activations of rocket alert sirens have become prevalent across Israel, particularly in the country's Southern District, along the border with Gaza and Jerusalem. Israel Defense Forces (IDF) confirmed that Gazan militants fired nearly 3,500 rockets toward Israel since the conflict began on May 10. While most rocket attacks are focused on the border region, some rounds have targeted and will likely continue to target major cities like Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Attacks could temporarily disrupt air transport or lead to short-term airport closures.

The rocket attacks occurred after the expiry of an ultimatum from the Gaza-based militant group Hamas; the group demanded that all Israeli troops leave the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood and the Temple Mount by 18:00 May 10 following the violence. The IDF has been responding to the rocket attacks with retaliatory airstrikes against Hamas targets in Gaza. IDF airstrikes have resulted in over 190 fatalities, while the rocket attacks have killed at least 10 Israelis. The Israeli military will almost certainly conduct retaliatory airstrikes in response to further attacks by Gazan militants.

Meanwhile, Palestinian demonstrations - triggered by the pending eviction of several Palestinian families from the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood of East Jerusalem - will likely persist. Protests have mainly occurred in Sheikh Jarrah, near Damascus Gate, and areas surrounding the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound. Further clashes between protesters and security forces are likely, especially if protesters are overly disruptive or fail to adhere to police instructions.

Clashes between members of the Jewish and Arab communities will also likely persist across Israel, especially in mixed-population towns, through the end of May. Since unrest first erupted May 10, violent demonstrations and riots have occurred in several cities, including Tiberias, Haifa, Jaffa, Bat Yam, Acre, and Lod. Multiple attempted lynchings have also allegedly taken place in various parts of the country. Widespread incidents of vandalism and arson have occurred, targeting synagogues, mosques, local businesses, and cars, among other properties. Rioters have also reportedly thrown stones and firebombs in clashes with security forces. Localized transport disruptions are likely near any demonstrations that may materialize. Israeli authorities have increased security measures nationwide in light of the escalating violence.

Advice

Consider avoiding the city of Jerusalem, notably the areas of Sheikh Jarrah and the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound, through at least late May due to the potential for violence. Exercise increased caution near any demonstrations that may materialize. Confirm the availability of transport and allow additional time to reach destinations in Jerusalem, as well as throughout Israel and the West Bank. Heed the instructions of security personnel.

If possible, avoid areas within 5 km (3 miles) of the Gaza buffer zone until the security situation improves. If incoming mortar rounds or rockets are reported in southern Israel or warning sirens sound in the general vicinity, report to the nearest bomb shelter and await further instructions from authorities. If there is no shelter nearby, stay indoors, away from windows and exterior walls. If possible, move to a ground floor or basement.

Individuals or entities operating in the Gaza Strip are advised to avoid known Hamas security force locations, which are common targets for Israeli retaliatory airstrikes. Establish a thorough communication plan to ensure rapid accountability for all personnel operating in southern Israel and the Gaza Strip.

Exercise a heightened level of caution in Israel and the Palestinian Territories. Avoid all demonstrations and heed the directives of the authorities. Monitor local media and liaise with trusted contacts for updates.