India: Heatwave conditions forecast to persist over eastern regions through May 2 before gradually subsiding /update 2

Heatwave conditions are forecast to persist across parts of eastern India through May 2 before gradually starting to subside. Temperatures of around 43-45 C (109-113 F) have been recorded in parts of Odisha and Gangetic West Bengal and 40-43 C (104-109 F) in parts of Bihar and Jharkhand in recent days. As of April 30, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued a press release stating that heatwave to severe heatwave conditions are likely to continue over eastern India April 30-May 2 before reducing in intensity; however, heatwave conditions will remain in isolated pockets of the region in the following days.

The IMD has issued the following warnings across the affected area April 30-May 4:

• Red heatwave warnings (the highest level on a three-tier scale): Bihar, Odisha, and Gangetic West Bengal April 30-May 2.

• Orange heatwave warnings: Jharkhand April 30-May 3, Bihar and Odisha May 3-4, and Gangetic West Bengal May 3.

• Yellow heatwave warnings: Gangetic West Bengal May 4.

Authorities will likely amend advisories as weather conditions change over the coming days.

The extended period of oppressive heat and dry conditions may produce ideal circumstances for wildfire growth throughout the region. Heatwaves pose a threat to vulnerable groups - such as the elderly, children, pregnant women, and those with respiratory illnesses - due to the increased possibility of heat stroke or heat exhaustion. Relatively healthy individuals, especially those working outdoors or using mass transit, may also face health risks during significant heatwaves. The lack of air conditioning and cramped vehicles, particularly during rush hour, may lead to dehydration and other health issues in some passengers.

Very high temperatures may warp rail tracks and force passenger and freight trains to operate at reduced speeds. Road surface damage is also possible, and overheated vehicles may worsen traffic problems in urban areas where congestion is already a problem. Commercial trucking disruptions might occur as very high temperatures put more stress on vehicles, making tire blowouts more common. Major flight disruptions are unlikely at regional airports, but general aviation disruptions are possible, and some airfreight carriers could reduce cargo loads. High temperatures could lead to an increased demand for electricity, which might trigger localized brownouts or blackouts, exacerbating hazardous conditions when air conditioning is no longer possible.